ABSTRACT
Anemia of neonate,especially in premature infants,is a common phenomenon in newborns and has attracted more and more attention in the academic world.There are various reasons for anemia.Besides the common pathophysiological basis such as iron deficiency and erythropoietin deficiency,blood group incompatibility,hemolysis and iatrogenic blood loss are also important factors leading to anemia of neonates.Preventive measures for neonatal ane-mia include delayed ligation of the umbilical cord,the application of erythropoietin and the effective reduction of iatro-genic blood loss.At present,blood transfusion is still one of the main treatments for neonatal anemia.However,there are still controversies about transfusion indications as well as it′s short-term and long-term side effects.